This study, offers a Goal Programming model for OPTIMAL ALLOCATION of PROVINCIAL budget resources in order to achieve macroeconomic and social goals of country include unemployment and income inequalities reduction and production and employment and social capital increasing. The designed model determines optimum proportion of provinces in budgetary resources in order to achieve goals. Empirical results based on ten PROVINCIAL indicators include the unemployment rate, GINI coefficient, literacy rate, internet penetration rate, economic participation rate, the province proportion of domestic production and the province proportion of industrial, mining, services and agricultural value added, show that, there is relative convergence in distribution of proportion in public budget resources, and also achieving goals in the more developed provinces needy higher levels of the budget proportion of the province of the less-developed. Therefore, in order to achieve more balanced development and regional convergence and the elimination of inequalities and spatial heterogeneity and financial recommended the ALLOCATION of budgetary resources to less developed provinces must be increase and the budget proportion of the provinces converges.

This study investigates the process of budget ALLOCATION to provinces of Iran based on two set of factors of 1- major macro PROVINCIAL indicators and 2-oil price volatility based on stochastic differential equations and stochastic OPTIMAL control framework during the period of 2003 to 2014. In this regard, with calculation of OPTIMAL share of provinces in total country budget based on macro indicators data for year 2011, the effect of stochastic oil price on dynamic budget ALLOCATION is studied. The dynamic analysis of oil price during 2003 to 2014 indicates a volatile trend with jumps in oil price time series in some sub-periods. Accordingly, different models of stochastic differential equations and stochastic OPTIMAL control for modeling oil price and petroleum budgets ALLOCATION in different years are proposed. The results show that the share of the PROVINCIAL budget depends on the parameters that determine the behavior of the oil price time series. So that, with an increased average growth rate of oil prices, the PROVINCIAL budget share increases over time. In addition, an increase in volatility of oil prices and acceleration in the velocity of oil price mean-reversion, reduce the OPTIMAL share of PROVINCIAL oil budgets over time. Also, based on the results of the simulation model for PROVINCIAL data in year 2011, the OPTIMAL share of PROVINCIAL oil budgets has dynamic and stochastic behavior and it is formed based on the behavior of oil price time series.

The main goal of this study is to provide a model for OPTIMAL ALLOCATION of PROVINCIAL budget resources with attention to provinces priorities and with the aim of financial and county spatial decentralization and also social welfare maximization. For this purpose, we design an OPTIMAL control problem and then, we calculate long run equilibrium of this model with focusing of macroeconomic indicators include the mortality rate, unemployment rate, GINI coefficient, literacy rate, economic participation rate, the province proportion of domestic production and the province proportion of industrial, services and agricultural value added and weighted index of educational and health facilities. Also the short run dynamics of OPTIMAL solution has analyzed. Based on the results and according to the long run equilibrium of the OPTIMAL control model, if budget planer gives equal importance to these indicators, the higher budgets proportion will allocate to less developed provinces that it is contradict to current method of PROVINCIAL budgeting in Iran. The results also show that any change in budget planner priority change long run equilibrium of the OPTIMAL control problem and composition of OPTIMAL PROVINCIAL budget ALLOCATION.

Studying the political economy of regional budgeting, the paper tried to examine the impact of economic and political variables on the consumption, investment, and total PROVINCIAL budgets in Iran, quantitatively. Therefore, two sets of programmatic and tactical variables were investigated in three panel data models over the period of 2000-2007. The results showed that the PROVINCIAL budgeting is efficiency-oriented and not equity-oriented in Iran. In addition, initial capital endowment and population density associated negatively with the per capita budgets. Regarding the tactical variables, the results evidenced that PROVINCIAL budgets increased in the years presidential elections were held. Moreover, the budgets were streamed more to the provinces with less participation rates in the presidential elections and with more swing voters.

the OPTIMAL ALLOCATION of natural gas resources to various uses such as final and intermediate consumption, injection into oil fields, and exports can help policymakers to use this kind of resources efficiently. Empirical evidence support using hyperbolic discount rates instead of fixed discount rates in the economic literature. The purpose of this study is to maximize the social welfare function and analyze the OPTIMAL paths of different uses of natural gas over the next three decades based on a nonlinear dynamic programming model using a hyperbolic discount rate. The results show that in the current situation, gas exports do not maximize social welfare, but by expanding Iran's natural gas production, exports will lead to maximizing social welfare.

Price limits set up are adopted by many securities markets in countries such as the USA, Canada, Japan, and various other countries in Europe and Asia, to increase the stability of the financial market. These limits confine the price of the financial asset during any trading day to a range, usually determined based on the previous day's closing price. In this paper, we study the portfolio optimization problem while taking into account the price limit constraint. The dynamic programming technique is applied to derive the Hamilton– Jacobi– Bellman equation, and the method of Lagrange multiplier is used to tackle the constraint. Optimization problem solution results and numerical method show that the equilibrium path of wealth and investment in risky assets has a different pattern than the absence of price limits.

Introduction: In spite of improving the water productivity due to development in water infrastructure systems, population increasing causing the water withdrawal is triple in the last fifty years. In this situation competition on water consumption especially in the agricultural sector which is the biggest consumer in the world and also in Iran is a severe problem. Water ALLOCATION has been assessed widely in the recent past. Additionally, several studies have explored methods to incorporate conflict resolution methods in water ALLOCATION. In a general classification, there are two types of methods. One is the method based on game theory, graph theory and general models based oncooperative game into a category that has the ability to consider the stakeholder preferences and assess the several scenarios under specified policy. Although this type of methods iseligible to cooperate the stakeholder in modeling but due to their weakness on considering the information on details and their limitations in adoption with changes caused from uncertainty, they are not popular in practical cases. Another type of conflict resolution method which is eligible to considering more detailed information of systems has the optimization approach basically, has the most interests between researchers. There is namely the Nash bargaining solution, the Kalai-Smorodinesky solution, the Equal loss solution and the area monotonic solution. There are several studies which areapplied these methods to investigate about groundwater (5, 6 and10). There are a few applications of water resource ALLOCATION models which is incorporated with conflict resolution methods in Transboundary Rivers nowadays and restricted to game theory related methods (1 and 2). The aim of this study is the assessment of the application of conflict resolution methods such as symmetric and non symmetric Nash solution, non symmetric Kalai-Smorodinesky, non symmetric equal loss solution and finally the area monotonic solution in water ALLOCATION between beneficiary's provinces in Atrak basin. The performances of these methods are compared with each other and also with the common water ALLOCATION model.

In this paper, we study the problem of OPTIMAL ALLOCATION of insurance layers for a portfolio of i. i. d exponential risks. Using the first stochastic dominance criterion, we obtain an OPTIMAL ALLOCATION for the total retain risks faced by a policyholder. This result partially generalizes the known result in the literature for deductible as well as policy limit coverages.

The most important objective of a container terminal is to increase the efficiency and to decrease the turnaround time. Turnaround time depends on the OPTIMAL ALLOCATION and scheduling of terminal resources including berths, trucks, cranes, and yards. Therefore, OPTIMAL ALLOCATION and scheduling of the terminal resources could be considered as one of the most effective methods to increase the efficiency. Berths are the most important resources of the container ports, because their construction is more costly than all other cost items. Therefore, OPTIMAL use of berths is a key factor for increasing the efficiency of container terminals. The objective of OPTIMAL ALLOCATION of berths is to reduce the container processing costs in the ports. This index is a proper one for measuring the effectivity and efficiency of container terminals. This article tries to analyze the berth ALLOCATION as a model for minimizing servicing time to ships. The most important limitation of this study is the non-equality of ship processing time in various berthing points. This time variation depends on the distance between the berthing points and stacking areas in the yard.

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